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unzip(1)




UNZIP(1L)         MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES          UNZIP(1L)


NAME

     unzip - list, test and extract compressed  files  in  a  ZIP
     archive


SYNOPSIS

     unzip  [-Z]  [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCDKLMUVWX$/:^]]   file[.zip]
     [file(s) ...]  [-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]


DESCRIPTION

     unzip will list, test, or extract files from a ZIP  archive,
     commonly  found  on  MS-DOS  systems.   The default behavior
     (with no options) is to extract into the  current  directory
     (and  subdirectories  below it) all files from the specified
     ZIP archive.  A  companion  program,  zip(1L),  creates  ZIP
     archives; both programs are compatible with archives created
     by PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS, but in many  cases
     the program options or default behaviors differ.


ARGUMENTS

     file[.zip]
          Path of the ZIP archive(s).  If the file  specification
          is  a  wildcard,  each matching file is processed in an
          order determined by the operating system (or file  sys-
          tem).   Only  the  filename can be a wildcard; the path
          itself cannot.  Wildcard  expressions  are  similar  to
          those  supported in commonly used Unix shells (sh, ksh,
          csh) and may contain:

          *    matches a sequence of 0 or more characters

          ?    matches exactly 1 character

          [...]
               matches any  single  character  found  inside  the
               brackets;  ranges  are  specified  by  a beginning
               character, a hyphen, and an ending character.   If
               an  exclamation point or a caret (`!' or `^') fol-
               lows the left bracket, then the range  of  charac-
               ters within the brackets is complemented (that is,
               anything except the characters inside the brackets
               is  considered  a  match).   To specify a verbatim
               left bracket, the three-character sequence ``[[]''
               has to be used.

          (Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be
          interpreted  or  modified by the operating system, par-
          ticularly under Unix  and  VMS.)   If  no  matches  are
          found,  the  specification  is  assumed to be a literal
          filename; and if that also fails, the  suffix  .zip  is
          appended.  Note that self-extracting ZIP files are sup-
          ported, as with any other ZIP archive; just specify the
          .exe suffix (if any) explicitly.

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     [file(s)]
          An optional list of archive members  to  be  processed,
          separated  by  spaces.   (VMS  versions  compiled  with
          VMSCLI defined must delimit files with commas  instead.
          See  -v  in OPTIONS below.)  Regular expressions (wild-
          cards) may be  used  to  match  multiple  members;  see
          above.   Again, be sure to quote expressions that would
          otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating sys-
          tem.

     [-x xfile(s)]
          An optional list of archive members to be excluded from
          processing.   Since  wildcard characters normally match
          (`/') directory  separators  (for  exceptions  see  the
          option  -W),  this  option  may  be used to exclude any
          files that are in subdirectories.  For example, ``unzip
          foo *.[ch] -x */*'' would extract all C source files in
          the main directory, but  none  in  any  subdirectories.
          Without the -x option, all C source files in all direc-
          tories within the zipfile would be extracted.

     [-d exdir]
          An optional directory to which to  extract  files.   By
          default,  all files and subdirectories are recreated in
          the current directory; the -d option allows  extraction
          in an arbitrary directory (always assuming one has per-
          mission to write to the directory).  This  option  need
          not  appear  at the end of the command line; it is also
          accepted before the  zipfile  specification  (with  the
          normal options), immediately after the zipfile specifi-
          cation, or between the file(s) and the -x option.   The
          option  and  directory  may be concatenated without any
          white space between them, but note that this may  cause
          normal shell behavior to be suppressed.  In particular,
          ``-d ~'' (tilde) is expanded by Unix C shells into  the
          name  of  the  user's  home  directory,  but ``-d~'' is
          treated as a literal subdirectory ``~'' of the  current
          directory.


OPTIONS

     Note that, in order to support obsolescent hardware, unzip's
     usage  screen is limited to 22 or 23 lines and should there-
     fore be considered only a reminder of the basic unzip syntax
     rather  than  an exhaustive list of all possible flags.  The
     exhaustive list follows:

     -Z   zipinfo(1L) mode.  If the first option on  the  command
          line  is  -Z,  the  remaining  options  are taken to be
          zipinfo(1L) options.  See the appropriate  manual  page
          for a description of these options.

     -A   [OS/2, Unix DLL] print  extended  help  for  the  DLL's

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          programming interface (API).

     -c   extract files to stdout/screen (``CRT'').  This  option
          is  similar  to  the  -p option except that the name of
          each file is printed as it is extracted, the -a  option
          is  allowed,  and  ASCII-EBCDIC conversion is automati-
          cally performed if appropriate.   This  option  is  not
          listed in the unzip usage screen.

     -f   freshen existing files, i.e., extract only those  files
          that  already exist on disk and that are newer than the
          disk copies.  By default unzip queries before overwrit-
          ing,  but  the  -o  option  may be used to suppress the
          queries.  Note that under many operating  systems,  the
          TZ   (timezone)   environment   variable  must  be  set
          correctly in order for  -f  and  -u  to  work  properly
          (under Unix the variable is usually set automatically).
          The reasons for this are somewhat subtle but have to do
          with  the  differences  between  DOS-format  file times
          (always local time) and Unix-format  times  (always  in
          GMT/UTC) and the necessity to compare the two.  A typi-
          cal TZ value  is  ``PST8PDT''  (US  Pacific  time  with
          automatic  adjustment  for  Daylight  Savings  Time  or
          ``summer time'').

     -l   list  archive  files  (short   format).    The   names,
          uncompressed  file  sizes  and  modification  dates and
          times of the specified files are  printed,  along  with
          totals  for all files specified.  If UnZip was compiled
          with OS2_EAS defined, the -l option also lists  columns
          for  the sizes of stored OS/2 extended attributes (EAs)
          and OS/2 access control lists (ACLs).  In addition, the
          zipfile  comment  and individual file comments (if any)
          are displayed.  If a file was archived from  a  single-
          case  file system (for example, the old MS-DOS FAT file
          system) and the -L option was given,  the  filename  is
          converted  to  lowercase  and  is prefixed with a caret
          (^).

     -p   extract files to pipe (stdout).  Nothing but  the  file
          data  is  sent  to  stdout,  and  the  files are always
          extracted in binary format, just as they are stored (no
          conversions).

     -t   test archive files.  This option extracts  each  speci-
          fied file in memory and compares the CRC (cyclic redun-
          dancy check, an enhanced checksum) of the expanded file
          with the original file's stored CRC value.

     -T   [most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to that
          of  the  newest  file in each one.  This corresponds to
          zip's -go option except that it can be used on wildcard

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          zipfiles  (e.g.,  ``unzip -T \*.zip'') and is much fas-
          ter.

     -u   update existing files and create new  ones  if  needed.
          This  option  performs  the  same  function  as  the -f
          option, extracting (with query) files  that  are  newer
          than  those with the same name on disk, and in addition
          it extracts those files that do not  already  exist  on
          disk.   See  -f  above  for  information on setting the
          timezone properly.

     -v   list archive files (verbose format) or show  diagnostic
          version  info.  This option has evolved and now behaves
          as both an option and a modifier.  As an option it  has
          two  purposes:   when  a  zipfile  is specified with no
          other options, -v lists archive files verbosely, adding
          to the basic -l info the compression method, compressed
          size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC.  In contrast to
          most  of  the competing utilities, unzip removes the 12
          additional header bytes of encrypted entries  from  the
          compressed  size  numbers.   Therefore, compressed size
          and compression ratio figures are  independent  of  the
          entry's encryption status and show the correct compres-
          sion performance.  (The complete size of the  encrypted
          compressed  data stream for zipfile entries is reported
          by  the  more  verbose  zipinfo(1L)  reports,  see  the
          separate  manual.)   When no zipfile is specified (that
          is, the complete command is  simply  ``unzip  -v''),  a
          diagnostic  screen is printed.  In addition to the nor-
          mal header with release date and version,  unzip  lists
          the  home Info-ZIP ftp site and where to find a list of
          other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operating  sys-
          tem  for  which  it was compiled, as well as (possibly)
          the hardware on which it was compiled, the compiler and
          version  used,  and  the  compilation date; any special
          compilation options that  might  affect  the  program's
          operation  (see also DECRYPTION below); and any options
          stored in environment variables that might do the  same
          (see  ENVIRONMENT  OPTIONS  below).   As  a modifier it
          works in conjunction with other options (e.g.,  -t)  to
          produce  more  verbose or debugging output; this is not
          yet fully implemented but will be in future releases.

     -z   display only the archive comment.


MODIFIERS

     -a   convert text files.  Ordinarily all files are extracted
          exactly  as they are stored (as ``binary'' files).  The
          -a option causes files identified by zip as text  files
          (those  with  the `t' label in zipinfo listings, rather
          than `b') to be automatically extracted as  such,  con-
          verting  line  endings,  end-of-file characters and the

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          character set itself as necessary.  (For example,  Unix
          files  use  line  feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL) and
          have no end-of-file (EOF) marker; Macintoshes use  car-
          riage  returns  (CRs)  for  EOLs; and most PC operating
          systems use CR+LF for EOLs and control-Z for  EOF.   In
          addition, IBM mainframes and the Michigan Terminal Sys-
          tem use EBCDIC rather than the more common ASCII  char-
          acter  set,  and NT supports Unicode.)  Note that zip's
          identification of text files is by  no  means  perfect;
          some  ``text''  files  may  actually be binary and vice
          versa.    unzip   therefore   prints   ``[text]''    or
          ``[binary]''  as  a  visual  check  for  each  file  it
          extracts when using the  -a  option.   The  -aa  option
          forces all files to be extracted as text, regardless of
          the supposed file type.  On VMS, see also -S.

     -b   [general] treat all files as binary  (no  text  conver-
          sions).  This is a shortcut for ---a.

     -b   [Tandem] force the creation files  with  filecode  type
          180 ('C') when extracting Zip entries marked as "text".
          (On Tandem, -a is enabled by default, see above).

     -b   [VMS] auto-convert  binary  files  (see  -a  above)  to
          fixed-length,  512-byte  record  format.   Doubling the
          option (-bb) forces all files to be extracted  in  this
          format.  When  extracting  to standard output (-c or -p
          option in  effect),  the  default  conversion  of  text
          record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all
          (-bb) files.

     -B   [when compiled with UNIXBACKUP defined] save  a  backup
          copy  of each overwritten file. The backup file is gets
          the name of the target file with a tilde and optionally
          a  unique  sequence  number  (up to 5 digits) appended.
          The sequence number is applied  whenever  another  file
          with the original name plus tilde already exists.  When
          used together with the "overwrite all" option -o,  num-
          bered backup files are never created. In this case, all
          backup files are named as the  original  file  with  an
          appended  tilde,  existing  backup  files  are  deleted
          without notice.  This feature works  similarly  to  the
          default behavior of emacs(1) in many locations.

          Example:  the  old  copy  of  ``foo''  is  renamed   to
          ``foo~''.

          Warning: Users should be aware that the -B option  does
          not  prevent  loss  of  existing  data  under  all cir-
          cumstances.   For  example,  when  unzip  is   run   in
          overwrite-all   mode,  an  existing  ``foo~''  file  is
          deleted before unzip  attempts  to  rename  ``foo''  to

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          ``foo~''.  When this rename attempt fails (because of a
          file  locks,  insufficient  privileges,  or  ...),  the
          extraction  of  ``foo~''  gets  cancelled,  but the old
          backup file is already lost.  A similar scenario  takes
          place  when  the  sequence  number  range  for numbered
          backup files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535 for 16-bit
          systems).   In this case, the backup file with the max-
          imum sequence number is deleted and replaced by the new
          backup version without notice.

     -C   use case-insensitive  matching  for  the  selection  of
          archive  entries  from the command-line list of extract
          selection patterns.  unzip's philosophy  is  ``you  get
          what  you  ask  for'' (this is also responsible for the
          -L/-U change; see the relevant options below).  Because
          some  file  systems  are  fully case-sensitive (notably
          those under the Unix operating system) and because both
          ZIP archives and unzip itself are portable across plat-
          forms, unzip's default behavior is to match both  wild-
          card  and literal filenames case-sensitively.  That is,
          specifying ``makefile'' on the command line  will  only
          match  ``makefile'' in the archive, not ``Makefile'' or
          ``MAKEFILE'' (and  similarly  for  wildcard  specifica-
          tions).  Since this does not correspond to the behavior
          of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2
          HPFS,  which  preserves mixed case but is not sensitive
          to it), the -C option may be used to force all filename
          matches  to be case-insensitive.  In the example above,
          all three  files  would  then  match  ``makefile''  (or
          ``make*'',  or  similar).   The  -C option affects file
          specs in both the normal file list  and  the  excluded-
          file list (xlist).

          Please note that the -C option does neither affect  the
          search  for  the zipfile(s) nor the matching of archive
          entries to existing files on the extraction path.  On a
          case-sensitive  file  system,  unzip  will never try to
          overwrite a  file  ``FOO''  when  extracting  an  entry
          ``foo''!

     -D   skip restoration of  timestamps  for  extracted  items.
          Normally,  unzip  tries to restore all meta-information
          for extracted  items  that  are  supplied  in  the  Zip
          archive  (and  do  not  require  privileges or impose a
          security risk).  By specifying -D,  unzip  is  told  to
          suppress  restoration  of  timestamps  for  directories
          explicitly created  from  Zip  archive  entries.   This
          option  only  applies  to  ports  that  support setting
          timestamps for  directories  (currently  ATheOS,  BeOS,
          MacOS,  OS/2,  Unix, VMS, Win32, for other unzip ports,
          -D has no effect).  The duplicated  option  -DD  forces
          suppression  of timestamp restoration for all extracted

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          entries (files and directories).  This  option  results
          in  setting the timestamps for all extracted entries to
          the current time.

          On VMS, the default setting for this option is  -D  for
          consistency  with  the behaviour of BACKUP: file times-
          tamps are restored, timestamps of extracted directories
          are left at the current time.  To enable restoration of
          directory timestamps, the negated option --D should  be
          specified.   On  VMS,  the option -D disables timestamp
          restoration  for  all  extracted  Zip  archive   items.
          (Here,  a  single  -D on the command line combines with
          the default -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other
          systems.)

     -E   [MacOS only] display contents of MacOS extra field dur-
          ing restore operation.

     -F   [Acorn only] suppress removal of NFS filetype extension
          from stored filenames.

     -F   [non-Acorn  systems  supporting  long  filenames   with
          embedded    commas,   and   only   if   compiled   with
          ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined] translate filetype information
          from  ACORN RISC OS extra field blocks into a NFS file-
          type extension and  append  it  to  the  names  of  the
          extracted  files.  (When the stored filename appears to
          already have an appended NFS filetype extension, it  is
          replaced by the info from the extra field.)

     -i   [MacOS only] ignore filenames  stored  in  MacOS  extra
          fields. Instead, the most compatible filename stored in
          the generic part of the entry's header is used.

     -j   junk paths.  The archive's directory structure  is  not
          recreated;  all  files  are deposited in the extraction
          directory (by default, the current one).

     -J   [BeOS only] junk file attributes.  The file's BeOS file
          attributes are not restored, just the file's data.

     -J   [MacOS only] ignore MacOS extra fields.  All  Macintosh
          specific  info  is skipped. Data-fork and resource-fork
          are restored as separate files.

     -K   [AtheOS, BeOS, Unix only] retain  SUID/SGID/Tacky  file
          attributes.   Without  this  flag, these attribute bits
          are cleared for security reasons.

     -L   convert to lowercase any  filename  originating  on  an
          uppercase-only  operating system or file system.  (This
          was unzip's default behavior in releases prior to 5.11;

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          the  new  default  behavior  is  identical  to  the old
          behavior with the -U option, which is now obsolete  and
          will be removed in a future release.)  Depending on the
          archiver, files archived under single-case file systems
          (VMS,  old  MS-DOS  FAT,  etc.)  may  be stored as all-
          uppercase names; this can be ugly or inconvenient  when
          extracting  to  a  case-preserving  file system such as
          OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensitive one such as  under  Unix.
          By  default  unzip  lists  and  extracts such filenames
          exactly  as  they're  stored   (excepting   truncation,
          conversion   of  unsupported  characters,  etc.);  this
          option causes the names of all files from certain  sys-
          tems  to  be  converted  to  lowercase.  The -LL option
          forces  conversion  of  every  filename  to  lowercase,
          regardless of the originating file system.

     -M   pipe all output through an internal  pager  similar  to
          the Unix more(1) command.  At the end of a screenful of
          output, unzip pauses with a  ``--More--''  prompt;  the
          next  screenful  may  be  viewed  by pressing the Enter
          (Return) key or the space bar.  unzip can be terminated
          by  pressing  the  ``q''  key and, on some systems, the
          Enter/Return key.  Unlike Unix  more(1),  there  is  no
          forward-searching  or  editing capability.  Also, unzip
          doesn't notice if long lines wrap at the  edge  of  the
          screen, effectively resulting in the printing of two or
          more lines and  the  likelihood  that  some  text  will
          scroll  off  the top of the screen before being viewed.
          On some systems the number of available  lines  on  the
          screen is not detected, in which case unzip assumes the
          height is 24 lines.

     -n   never overwrite existing  files.   If  a  file  already
          exists,  skip  the  extraction  of  that  file  without
          prompting.  By default unzip queries before  extracting
          any  file  that  already exists; the user may choose to
          overwrite only the current file, overwrite  all  files,
          skip extraction of the current file, skip extraction of
          all existing files, or rename the current file.

     -N   [Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes.  File
          comments  are created with the -c option of zip(1L), or
          with the -N option of the Amiga port of zip(1L),  which
          stores filenotes as comments.

     -o   overwrite existing files without prompting.  This is  a
          dangerous  option,  so  use it with care.  (It is often
          used with -f, however, and is the only way to overwrite
          directory EAs under OS/2.)

     -P password
          use password to decrypt encrypted zipfile  entries  (if

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          any).   THIS  IS  INSECURE!   Many multi-user operating
          systems provide ways for any user to  see  the  current
          command  line  of  any  other user; even on stand-alone
          systems there is always the threat of over-the-shoulder
          peeking.   Storing  the plaintext password as part of a
          command line in an  automated  script  is  even  worse.
          Whenever  possible,  use  the  non-echoing, interactive
          prompt to enter  passwords.   (And  where  security  is
          truly  important,  use strong encryption such as Pretty
          Good Privacy instead of the relatively weak  encryption
          provided by standard zipfile utilities.)

     -q   perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter).  Ordi-
          narily  unzip  prints  the  names  of  the  files  it's
          extracting or testing, the extraction methods, any file
          or  zipfile comments that may be stored in the archive,
          and possibly a summary when finished with each archive.
          The  -q[q] options suppress the printing of some or all
          of these messages.

     -s   [OS/2, NT,  MS-DOS]  convert  spaces  in  filenames  to
          underscores.   Since  all  PC  operating  systems allow
          spaces  in  filenames,  unzip   by   default   extracts
          filenames  with  spaces intact (e.g., ``EA DATA. SF'').
          This can be awkward, however, since MS-DOS in  particu-
          lar  does  not  gracefully support spaces in filenames.
          Conversion of spaces to underscores can  eliminate  the
          awkwardness in some cases.

     -S   [VMS] convert  text  files  (-a,  -aa)  into  Stream_LF
          record   format,  instead  of  the  text-file  default,
          variable-length  record  format.   (Stream_LF  is   the
          default  record  format  of  VMS  unzip.  It is applied
          unless conversion (-a, -aa and/or -b, -bb) is requested
          or a VMS-specific entry is processed.)

     -U   [UNICODE_SUPPORT only] modify  or  disable  UTF-8  han-
          dling.   When  UNICODE_SUPPORT is available, the option
          -U forces unzip to escape all non-ASCII characters from
          UTF-8  coded filenames as ``#Uxxxx'' (for UCS-2 charac-
          ters, or ``#Lxxxxxx'' for unicode codepoints needing  3
          octets).   This option is mainly provided for debugging
          purpose when the fairly new UTF-8 support is  suspected
          to mangle up extracted filenames.

          The option -UU allows to entirely disable the  recogni-
          tion  of  UTF-8  encoded  filenames.   The  handling of
          filename  codings  within  unzip  falls  back  to   the
          behaviour of previous versions.

          [old, obsolete  usage]  leave  filenames  uppercase  if
          created under MS-DOS, VMS, etc.  See -L above.

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     -V   retain (VMS) file version numbers.  VMS  files  can  be
          stored   with   a   version   number,   in  the  format
          file.ext;##.  By default the  ``;##''  version  numbers
          are  stripped,  but  this  option  allows  them  to  be
          retained.  (On file systems  that  limit  filenames  to
          particularly  short lengths, the version numbers may be
          truncated or stripped regardless of this option.)

     -W   [only   when   WILD_STOP_AT_DIR   compile-time   option
          enabled]  modifies the pattern matching routine so that
          both `?' (single-char  wildcard)  and  `*'  (multi-char
          wildcard)  do not match the directory separator charac-
          ter `/'.  (The two-character sequence ``**'' acts as  a
          multi-char wildcard that includes the directory separa-
          tor in its matched characters.)  Examples:

             "*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
             "**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
             "*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
             "??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo"
                     but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"

          This modified behaviour is equivalent  to  the  pattern
          matching  style  used  by the shells of some of UnZip's
          supported target OSs (one example is  Acorn  RISC  OS).
          This  option  may not be available on systems where the
          Zip archive's internal  directory  separator  character
          `/' is allowed as regular character in native operating
          system filenames.  (Currently, UnZip uses the same pat-
          tern  matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifi-
          cations and zip entry selection patterns in most ports.
          For systems allowing `/' as regular filename character,
          the -W option would not work as expected on a  wildcard
          zipfile specification.)

     -X   [VMS, Unix, OS/2, NT, Tandem] restore  owner/protection
          info  (UICs  and  ACL  entries)  under VMS, or user and
          group info (UID/GID)  under  Unix,  or  access  control
          lists  (ACLs) under certain network-enabled versions of
          OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN Server/Requester 3.0  to
          5.0;  Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0), or security ACLs
          under Windows NT.  In most cases this will require spe-
          cial  system  privileges, and doubling the option (-XX)
          under NT instructs unzip to use privileges for  extrac-
          tion;  but  under Unix, for example, a user who belongs
          to several groups can restore files  owned  by  any  of
          those  groups, as long as the user IDs match his or her
          own.  Note that ordinary  file  attributes  are  always
          restored--this  option  applies only to optional, extra
          ownership info available  on  some  operating  systems.
          [NT's  access  control  lists do not appear to be espe-
          cially compatible with OS/2's, so no attempt is made at

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          cross-platform portability of access privileges.  It is
          not clear under what conditions this would ever be use-
          ful anyway.]

     -Y   [VMS] treat archived  file  name  endings  of  ``.nnn''
          (where  ``nnn''  is  a decimal  number) as if they were
          VMS version numbers (``;nnn'').   (The  default  is  to
          treat them as file types.)  Example:
                   "a.b.3" -> "a.b;3".

     -$   [MS-DOS, OS/2, NT] restore  the  volume  label  if  the
          extraction  medium  is  removable  (e.g.,  a diskette).
          Doubling the option  (-$$)  allows  fixed  media  (hard
          disks)  to  be  labelled  as  well.  By default, volume
          labels are ignored.

     -/ extensions
          [Acorn only] overrides the extension list  supplied  by
          Unzip$Ext   environment  variable.  During  extraction,
          filename extensions that match one of the items in this
          extension list are swapped in front of the base name of
          the extracted file.

     -:   [all but Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to  extract
          archive  members  into locations outside of the current
          `` extraction  root  folder''.  For  security  reasons,
          unzip  normally  removes ``parent dir'' path components
          (``../'') from  the  names  of  extracted  file.   This
          safety  feature  (new  for version 5.50) prevents unzip
          from accidentally writing files to ``sensitive''  areas
          outside the active extraction folder tree head.  The -:
          option lets unzip switch back  to  its  previous,  more
          liberal behaviour, to allow exact extraction of (older)
          archives that used ``../'' components to create  multi-
          ple directory trees at the level of the current extrac-
          tion folder.   This  option  does  not  enable  writing
          explicitly  to  the root directory (``/'').  To achieve
          this, it is necessary  to  set  the  extraction  target
          folder  to  root  (e.g.  -d  / ).  However, when the -:
          option is specified, it is still possible to implicitly
          write  to  the  root  directory  by  specifying  enough
          ``../'' path components within the  zip  archive.   Use
          this option with extreme caution.

     -^   [Unix  only]  allow  control  characters  in  names  of
          extracted  ZIP  archive  entries.  On Unix, a file name
          may contain any (8-bit) character  code  with  the  two
          exception  '/' (directory delimiter) and NUL (0x00, the
          C string termination indicator),  unless  the  specific
          file  system  has  more  restrictive conventions.  Gen-
          erally, this allows to embed ASCII  control  characters
          (or  even  sophisticated  control  sequences)  in  file

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          names, at least on 'native' Unix  file  systems.   How-
          ever,  it  may be highly suspicious to make use of this
          Unix "feature".  Embedded control  characters  in  file
          names  might  have nasty side effects when displayed on
          screen by some listing code without sufficient  filter-
          ing.   And,  for ordinary users, it may be difficult to
          handle such file names (e.g. when trying to specify  it
          for  open,  copy,  move, or delete operations).  There-
          fore, unzip applies a filter by  default  that  removes
          potentially   dangerous  control  characters  from  the
          extracted file names. The -^ option allows to  override
          this  filter  in  the  rare case that embedded filename
          control characters are to be intentionally restored.

     -2   [VMS] force unconditionally conversion of file names to
          ODS2-compatible  names.   The default is to exploit the
          destination file system, preserving case  and  extended
          file  name  characters on an ODS5 destination file sys-
          tem; and  applying  the  ODS2-compatibility  file  name
          filtering on an ODS2 destination file system.


ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS

     unzip's default behavior may be modified via options  placed
     in  an  environment  variable.   This  can  be done with any
     option, but it is probably most useful with the -a, -L,  -C,
     -q, -o, or -n modifiers:  make unzip auto-convert text files
     by default, make it convert filenames from uppercase systems
     to  lowercase,  make it match names case-insensitively, make
     it quieter, or make it always overwrite or  never  overwrite
     files  as  it extracts them.  For example, to make unzip act
     as quietly as possible, only reporting errors, one would use
     one of the following commands:

       Unix Bourne shell:
          UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP

       Unix C shell:
          setenv UNZIP -qq

       OS/2 or MS-DOS:
          set UNZIP=-qq

       VMS (quotes for lowercase):
          define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq"

     Environment options are, in effect, considered  to  be  just
     like  any  other  command-line options, except that they are
     effectively the first options on the command line.  To over-
     ride  an  environment option, one may use the ``minus opera-
     tor'' to remove it.  For instance, to override  one  of  the
     quiet-flags in the example above, use the command

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         unzip --q[other options] zipfile

     The first hyphen is the normal  switch  character,  and  the
     second  is  a  minus sign, acting on the q option.  Thus the
     effect here is to cancel one quantum of quietness.  To  can-
     cel both quiet flags, two (or more) minuses may be used:

         unzip -t--q zipfile
         unzip ---qt zipfile

     (the two are equivalent).  This may seem awkward or  confus-
     ing,  but it is reasonably intuitive:  just ignore the first
     hyphen and go from there.  It is also  consistent  with  the
     behavior of Unix nice(1).

     As suggested by the examples  above,  the  default  variable
     names  are  UNZIP_OPTS  for  VMS  (where  the symbol used to
     install unzip as a foreign command would otherwise  be  con-
     fused  with  the  environment  variable),  and UNZIP for all
     other operating systems.  For  compatibility  with  zip(1L),
     UNZIPOPT  is  also  accepted (don't ask).  If both UNZIP and
     UNZIPOPT  are  defined,  however,  UNZIP  takes  precedence.
     unzip's  diagnostic  option (-v with no zipfile name) can be
     used to check the values of  all  four  possible  unzip  and
     zipinfo environment variables.

     The timezone variable (TZ) should be set  according  to  the
     local  timezone  in  order  for  the  -f  and  -u to operate
     correctly.  See the description of  -f  above  for  details.
     This  variable  may  also  be necessary to get timestamps of
     extracted  files   to   be   set   correctly.    The   WIN32
     (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3)  port  of  unzip  gets the timezone
     configuration from the registry, assuming  it  is  correctly
     set  in  the  Control Panel.  The TZ variable is ignored for
     this port.


DECRYPTION

     Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software,
     but due to United States export restrictions, de-/encryption
     support might be disabled in your compiled binary.  However,
     since   spring   2000,  US  export  restrictions  have  been
     liberated, and our source archives do now include full crypt
     code.  In case you need binary distributions with crypt sup-
     port enabled, see the file ``WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP  source
     or binary distribution for locations both inside and outside
     the US.

     Some compiled versions of unzip may not support  decryption.
     To check a version for crypt support, either attempt to test
     or extract an encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diag-
     nostic screen (see the -v option above) for ``[decryption]''
     as one of the special compilation options.

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     As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a  pass-
     word  on  the  command line, but at a cost in security.  The
     preferred decryption method is simply to  extract  normally;
     if  a zipfile member is encrypted, unzip will prompt for the
     password without echoing what is typed.  unzip continues  to
     use  the same password as long as it appears to be valid, by
     testing a 12-byte header on each file.  The correct password
     will  always check out against the header, but there is a 1-
     in-256 chance that  an  incorrect  password  will  as  well.
     (This is a security feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it
     helps prevent brute-force attacks that might otherwise  gain
     a large speed advantage by testing only the header.)  In the
     case that an incorrect password is given but it  passes  the
     header  test  anyway,  either  an incorrect CRC will be gen-
     erated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail during
     the  extraction  because the ``decrypted'' bytes do not con-
     stitute a valid compressed data stream.

     If the first password fails the header check on  some  file,
     unzip  will prompt for another password, and so on until all
     files are extracted.  If a password is not known, entering a
     null password (that is, just a carriage return or ``Enter'')
     is taken as a signal to skip all  further  prompting.   Only
     unencrypted  files  in  the  archive(s)  will  thereafter be
     extracted.  (In fact, that's not quite true; older  versions
     of zip(1L) and zipcloak(1L) allowed null passwords, so unzip
     checks each encrypted file  to  see  if  the  null  password
     works.   This  may result in ``false positives'' and extrac-
     tion errors, as noted above.)

     Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example,  pass-
     words with accented European characters) may not be portable
     across systems and/or other archivers.  This  problem  stems
     from  the  use of multiple encoding methods for such charac-
     ters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and OEM code page  850.
     DOS  PKZIP  2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP 2.50
     uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with DOS PKZIP);
     Info-ZIP  uses  the  OEM  code  page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x
     ports but ISO coding (Latin-1  etc.)  everywhere  else;  and
     Nico Mak's WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit passwords at all.
     UnZip 5.3 (or newer) attempts to use the  default  character
     set  first  (e.g.,  Latin-1),  followed by the alternate one
     (e.g., OEM code page) to test passwords.  On EBCDIC systems,
     if  both  of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be tested as a
     last resort.  (EBCDIC is not tested on  non-EBCDIC  systems,
     because  there  are  no  known  archivers that encrypt using
     EBCDIC  encoding.)   ISO  character  encodings  other   than
     Latin-1  are not supported.  The new addition of (partially)
     Unicode (resp.  UTF-8) support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been
     adapted  to  the  encryption password handling in unzip.  On
     systems that use UTF-8 as native character  encoding,  unzip
     simply  tries  decryption  with  the  native  UTF-8  encoded

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     password; the built-in attempts to  check  the  password  in
     translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 sup-
     port and will consequently fail.


EXAMPLES

     To  use  unzip  to  extract  all  members  of  the   archive
     letters.zip  into  the  current directory and subdirectories
     below it, creating any subdirectories as necessary:

         unzip letters

     To extract all  members  of  letters.zip  into  the  current
     directory only:

         unzip -j letters

     To test letters.zip, printing only a summary  message  indi-
     cating whether the archive is OK or not:

         unzip -tq letters

     To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing only
     the summaries:

         unzip -tq \*.zip

     (The backslash before the asterisk is only required  if  the
     shell  expands  wildcards,  as  in Unix; double quotes could
     have  been  used  instead,  as  in   the   source   examples
     below.)  To  extract  to  standard  output  all  members  of
     letters.zip whose names end in .tex, auto-converting to  the
     local  end-of-line  convention  and  piping  the output into
     more(1):

         unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more

     To extract the binary file paper1.dvi to standard output and
     pipe it to a printing program:

         unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips

     To extract all FORTRAN and C source  files--*.f,  *.c,  *.h,
     and Makefile--into the /tmp directory:

         unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp

     (the double quotes are necessary only in Unix  and  only  if
     globbing is turned on).  To extract all FORTRAN and C source
     files, regardless of case (e.g., both *.c and *.C,  and  any
     makefile, Makefile, MAKEFILE or similar):

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         unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp

     To extract any such files but convert any  uppercase  MS-DOS
     or  VMS  names  to lowercase and convert the line-endings of
     all of the files to the local standard (without  respect  to
     any files that might be marked ``binary''):

         unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp

     To extract only newer versions of the files already  in  the
     current  directory,  without  querying (NOTE:  be careful of
     unzipping in one timezone a zipfile created in  another--ZIP
     archives  other  than those created by Zip 2.1 or later con-
     tain no timezone information, and a ``newer'' file  from  an
     eastern timezone may, in fact, be older):

         unzip -fo sources

     To extract newer  versions  of  the  files  already  in  the
     current  directory and to create any files not already there
     (same caveat as previous example):

         unzip -uo sources

     To display a  diagnostic  screen  showing  which  unzip  and
     zipinfo options are stored in environment variables, whether
     decryption support was compiled in, the compiler with  which
     unzip was compiled, etc.:

         unzip -v

     In the last five examples, assume that UNZIP  or  UNZIP_OPTS
     is set to -q.  To do a singly quiet listing:

         unzip -l file.zip

     To do a doubly quiet listing:

         unzip -ql file.zip

     (Note that the ``.zip'' is generally not necessary.)  To  do
     a standard listing:

         unzip --ql file.zip
     or
         unzip -l-q file.zip
     or
         unzip -l--q file.zip
     (Extra minuses in options don't hurt.)


TIPS

     The current maintainer, being a lazy  sort,  finds  it  very

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     useful  to  define  a pair of aliases:  tt for ``unzip -tq''
     and ii for ``unzip -Z'' (or ``zipinfo'').  One may then sim-
     ply  type  ``tt zipfile'' to test an archive, something that
     is worth making a habit of  doing.   With  luck  unzip  will
     report   ``No   errors   detected   in  compressed  data  of
     zipfile.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of relief.

     The maintainer  also  finds  it  useful  to  set  the  UNZIP
     environment variable to ``-aL'' and is tempted to add ``-C''
     as well.  His ZIPINFO variable is set to ``-z''.


DIAGNOSTICS

     The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes
     defined  by PKWARE and takes on the following values, except
     under VMS:

          0    normal; no errors or warnings detected.

          1    one or more warning errors were  encountered,  but
               processing  completed  successfully  anyway.  This
               includes zipfiles where  one  or  more  files  was
               skipped  due  to unsupported compression method or
               encryption with an unknown password.

          2    a  generic  error  in  the  zipfile   format   was
               detected.   Processing may have completed success-
               fully anyway;  some  broken  zipfiles  created  by
               other archivers have simple work-arounds.

          3    a severe error in the zipfile format was detected.
               Processing probably failed immediately.

          4    unzip was unable to allocate  memory  for  one  or
               more buffers during program initialization.

          5    unzip was unable to allocate memory or  unable  to
               obtain a tty to read the decryption password(s).

          6    unzip  was  unable  to  allocate   memory   during
               decompression to disk.

          7    unzip was unable to  allocate  memory  during  in-
               memory decompression.

          8    [currently not used]

          9    the specified zipfiles were not found.

          10   invalid options  were  specified  on  the  command
               line.

          11   no matching files were found.

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          50   the disk is (or was) full during extraction.

          51   the end of the ZIP archive was encountered  prema-
               turely.

          80   the user aborted unzip prematurely with  control-C
               (or similar)

          81   testing or extraction of one or more files  failed
               due  to  unsupported compression methods or unsup-
               ported decryption.

          82   no  files  were  found  due  to   bad   decryption
               password(s).   (If  even  one file is successfully
               processed, however, the exit status is 1.)

     VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other,
     scarier-looking  things,  so  unzip  instead  maps them into
     VMS-style status codes.  The current mapping is as  follows:
     1  (success) for normal exit, 0x7fff0001 for warning errors,
     and (0x7fff000? + 16*normal_unzip_exit_status) for all other
     errors,  where the `?' is 2 (error) for unzip values 2, 9-11
     and 80-82, and 4 (fatal error) for the remaining ones  (3-8,
     50,  51).   In  addition,  there  is a compilation option to
     expand upon this behavior:  defining RETURN_CODES results in
     a human-readable explanation of what the error status means.


BUGS

     Multi-part archives are not yet supported,  except  in  con-
     junction with zip.  (All parts must be concatenated together
     in order, and then ``zip -F'' (for zip 2.x) or  ``zip  -FF''
     (for  zip 3.x) must be performed on the concatenated archive
     in order to ``fix'' it.  Also, zip 3.0 and later can combine
     multi-part  (split)  archives  into  a  combined single-file
     archive using ``zip -s- inarchive -O outarchive''.  See  the
     zip  3  manual page for more information.)  This will defin-
     itely be corrected in the next major release.

     Archives read from standard input  are  not  yet  supported,
     except  with  funzip  (and then only the first member of the
     archive can be extracted).

     Archives encrypted with  8-bit  passwords  (e.g.,  passwords
     with  accented  European  characters)  may  not  be portable
     across systems and/or other archivers.  See  the  discussion
     in DECRYPTION above.

     unzip's -M (``more'') option  tries  to  take  into  account
     automatic wrapping of long lines. However, the code may fail
     to detect the correct wrapping locations. First, TAB charac-
     ters  (and  similar  control  sequences)  are not taken into
     account, they are handled as ordinary printable  characters.

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     Second,  depending on the actual system / OS port, unzip may
     not detect the true screen geometry but rather rely on "com-
     monly  used"  default  dimensions.   The correct handling of
     tabs would require the implementation of  a  query  for  the
     actual tabulator setup on the output console.

     Dates, times and permissions of stored directories  are  not
     restored  except  under Unix. (On Windows NT and successors,
     timestamps are now restored.)

     [MS-DOS] When extracting or testing files from an archive on
     a  defective  floppy  diskette,  if  the  ``Fail'' option is
     chosen from DOS's ``Abort,  Retry,  Fail?''  message,  older
     versions  of  unzip may hang the system, requiring a reboot.
     This  problem  appears  to  be  fixed,  but  control-C   (or
     control-Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.

     Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail  on  long  zip-
     files   (bad   CRC,  not  always  reproducible).   This  was
     apparently due either to a hardware bug (cache memory) or an
     operating  system  bug  (improper handling of page faults?).
     Since Ultrix has been abandoned in  favor  of  Digital  Unix
     (OSF/1), this may not be an issue anymore.

     [Unix] Unix  special  files  such  as  FIFO  buffers  (named
     pipes), block devices and character devices are not restored
     even if they are somehow represented in the zipfile, nor are
     hard-linked  files  relinked.  Basically the only file types
     restored by unzip are regular files,  directories  and  sym-
     bolic (soft) links.

     [OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are only
     updated if the -o (``overwrite all'') option is given.  This
     is a limitation of the operating system; because directories
     only have a creation time associated with them, unzip has no
     way to determine whether the stored attributes are newer  or
     older  than those on disk.  In practice this may mean a two-
     pass approach is required:  first unpack  the  archive  nor-
     mally  (with or without freshening/updating existing files),
     then overwrite just the directory entries (e.g., ``unzip  -o
     foo */'').

     [VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the  [.foo]
     syntax  is  accepted  for the -d option; the simple Unix foo
     syntax is silently  ignored  (as  is  the  less  common  VMS
     foo.dir syntax).

     [VMS] When the file being extracted already exists,  unzip's
     query  only  allows skipping, overwriting or renaming; there
     should additionally be a choice for creating a  new  version
     of  the file.  In fact, the ``overwrite'' choice does create
     a new  version;  the  old  version  is  not  overwritten  or

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     deleted.


SEE ALSO

     funzip(1L), zip(1L), zipcloak(1L), zipgrep(1L), zipinfo(1L),
     zipnote(1L), zipsplit(1L)


URL

     The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
         http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
     or
         ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .


AUTHORS

     The primary Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members of
     the  Zip-Bugs  workgroup)  are:   Ed  Gordon  (Zip,  general
     maintenance, shared  code,  Zip64,  Win32,  Unix,  Unicode);
     Christian  Spieler (UnZip maintenance coordination, VMS, MS-
     DOS, Win32, shared code, general Zip and  UnZip  integration
     and  optimization);  Onno  van  der Linden (Zip); Mike White
     (Win32, Windows GUI, Windows DLLs); Kai  Uwe  Rommel  (OS/2,
     Win32);  Steven  M.  Schweda  (VMS,  Unix,  support  of  new
     features); Paul Kienitz (Amiga, Win32, Unicode); Chris  Her-
     borth (BeOS, QNX, Atari); Jonathan Hudson (SMS/QDOS); Sergio
     Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald  Denker  (Atari,  MVS);  John
     Bush  (Solaris,  Amiga);  Hunter Goatley (VMS, Info-ZIP Site
     maintenance); Steve Salisbury (Win32); Steve Miller (Windows
     CE  GUI),  Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Win32, Zip64); and Dave Smith
     (Tandem NSK).

     The following people were former  members  of  the  Info-ZIP
     development  group  and  provided major contributions to key
     parts of the  current  code:   Greg  ``Cave  Newt''  Roelofs
     (UnZip,  unshrink  decompression); Jean-loup Gailly (deflate
     compression); Mark Adler (inflate decompression, fUnZip).

     The author of the original unzip code upon which  Info-ZIP's
     was  based  is  Samuel  H. Smith; Carl Mascott did the first
     Unix port; and David P.  Kirschbaum organized and led  Info-
     ZIP in its early days with Keith Petersen hosting the origi-
     nal mailing list at WSMR-SimTel20.  The full list of contri-
     butors  to  UnZip has grown quite large; please refer to the
     CONTRIBS file in the UnZip source distribution for  a  rela-
     tively complete version.


VERSIONS

     v1.2   15 Mar 89   Samuel H. Smith
     v2.0    9 Sep 89   Samuel H. Smith
     v2.x   fall 1989   many Usenet contributors
     v3.0    1 May 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
     v3.1   15 Aug 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
     v4.0    1 Dec 90   Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
     v4.1   12 May 91   Info-ZIP

Info-ZIP        Last change: 20 April 2009 (v6.0)              20

UNZIP(1L)         MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES          UNZIP(1L)

     v4.2   20 Mar 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.0   21 Aug 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.01  15 Jan 93   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.1    7 Feb 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.11   2 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.12  28 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.2   30 Apr 96   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.3   22 Apr 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.31  31 May 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.32   3 Nov 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
     v5.4   28 Nov 98   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
     v5.41  16 Apr 00   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
     v5.42  14 Jan 01   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
     v5.5   17 Feb 02   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
     v5.51  22 May 04   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
     v5.52  28 Feb 05   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
     v6.0   20 Apr 09   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)

Info-ZIP        Last change: 20 April 2009 (v6.0)              21


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