(mysql.info) character-sets
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5.11.1 The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting
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* german-character-set Using the German Character Set
By default, MySQL uses the `latin1' (cp1252 West European) character
set and the `latin1_swedish_ci' collation that sorts according to
Swedish/Finnish rules. These defaults are suitable for the United
States and most of Western Europe.
All MySQL binary distributions are compiled with
-with-extra-charsets=complex. This adds code to all standard programs
that enables them to handle `latin1' and all multi-byte character sets
within the binary. Other character sets are loaded from a character-set
definition file when needed.
The character set determines what characters are allowed in
identifiers. The collation determines how strings are sorted by the
`ORDER BY' and `GROUP BY' clauses of the `SELECT' statement.
You can change the default server character set and collation with the
-character-set-server and -collation-server options when you start the
server. The collation must be a legal collation for the default
character set. (Use the `SHOW COLLATION' statement to determine which
collations are available for each character set.) See
server-options.
The character sets available depend on the -with-charset=CHARSET_NAME
and -with-extra-charsets=LIST-OF-CHARSETS | complex | all | none
options to `configure', and the character set configuration files
listed in `SHAREDIR/charsets/Index'. See configure-options.
If you change the character set when running MySQL, that may also
change the sort order. Consequently, you must run `myisamchk -r -q
--set-collation=COLLATION_NAME' on all tables, or your indexes may not
be ordered correctly.
When a client connects to a MySQL server, the server indicates to the
client what the server's default character set is. The client switches
to this character set for this connection.
You should use `mysql_real_escape_string()' when escaping strings for
an SQL query. `mysql_real_escape_string()' is identical to the old
`mysql_escape_string()' function, except that it takes the `MYSQL'
connection handle as the first parameter so that the appropriate
character set can be taken into account when escaping characters.
If the client is compiled with paths that differ from where the server
is installed and the user who configured MySQL didn't include all
character sets in the MySQL binary, you must tell the client where it
can find the additional character sets it needs if the server runs with
a different character set from the client.
You can do this by specifying a -character-sets-dir option to indicate
the path to the directory in which the dynamic MySQL character sets are
stored. For example, you can put the following in an option file:
[client]
character-sets-dir=/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets
You can force the client to use specific character set as follows:
[client]
default-character-set=CHARSET_NAME
This is normally unnecessary, however.
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