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GNU `gettext' utilities
***********************
This manual documents the GNU gettext tools and the GNU libintl library,
version 0.16.1.
Menu
* Introduction Introduction
* Users The User's View
* PO Files The Format of PO Files
* Sources Preparing Program Sources
* Template Making the PO Template File
* Creating Creating a New PO File
* Updating Updating Existing PO Files
* Editing Editing PO Files
* Manipulating Manipulating PO Files
* Binaries Producing Binary MO Files
* Programmers The Programmer's View
* Translators The Translator's View
* Maintainers The Maintainer's View
* Installers The Installer's and Distributor's View
* Programming Languages Other Programming Languages
* Conclusion Concluding Remarks
* Language Codes ISO 639 language codes
* Country Codes ISO 3166 country codes
* Licenses Licenses
* Program Index Index of Programs
* Option Index Index of Command-Line Options
* Variable Index Index of Environment Variables
* PO Mode Index Index of Emacs PO Mode Commands
* Autoconf Macro Index Index of Autoconf Macros
* Index General Index
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Introduction
* Why The Purpose of GNU `gettext'
* Concepts I18n, L10n, and Such
* Aspects Aspects in Native Language Support
* Files Files Conveying Translations
* Overview Overview of GNU `gettext'
The User's View
* Matrix The Current `ABOUT-NLS' Matrix
* End Users Magic for End Users
Preparing Program Sources
* Importing Importing the `gettext' declaration
* Triggering Triggering `gettext' Operations
* Preparing Strings Preparing Translatable Strings
* Mark Keywords How Marks Appear in Sources
* Marking Marking Translatable Strings
* c-format Flag Telling something about the following string
* Special cases Special Cases of Translatable Strings
* Names Marking Proper Names for Translation
* Libraries Preparing Library Sources
Making the PO Template File
* xgettext Invocation Invoking the `xgettext' Program
Creating a New PO File
* msginit Invocation Invoking the `msginit' Program
* Header Entry Filling in the Header Entry
Updating Existing PO Files
* msgmerge Invocation Invoking the `msgmerge' Program
Editing PO Files
* KBabel KDE's PO File Editor
* Gtranslator GNOME's PO File Editor
* PO Mode Emacs's PO File Editor
Emacs's PO File Editor
* Installation Completing GNU `gettext' Installation
* Main PO Commands Main Commands
* Entry Positioning Entry Positioning
* Normalizing Normalizing Strings in Entries
* Translated Entries Translated Entries
* Fuzzy Entries Fuzzy Entries
* Untranslated Entries Untranslated Entries
* Obsolete Entries Obsolete Entries
* Modifying Translations Modifying Translations
* Modifying Comments Modifying Comments
* Subedit Mode for Editing Translations
* C Sources Context C Sources Context
* Auxiliary Consulting Auxiliary PO Files
* Compendium Using Translation Compendia
Using Translation Compendia
* Creating Compendia Merging translations for later use
* Using Compendia Using older translations if they fit
Manipulating PO Files
* msgcat Invocation Invoking the `msgcat' Program
* msgconv Invocation Invoking the `msgconv' Program
* msggrep Invocation Invoking the `msggrep' Program
* msgfilter Invocation Invoking the `msgfilter' Program
* msguniq Invocation Invoking the `msguniq' Program
* msgcomm Invocation Invoking the `msgcomm' Program
* msgcmp Invocation Invoking the `msgcmp' Program
* msgattrib Invocation Invoking the `msgattrib' Program
* msgen Invocation Invoking the `msgen' Program
* msgexec Invocation Invoking the `msgexec' Program
* libgettextpo Writing your own programs that process PO files
Producing Binary MO Files
* msgfmt Invocation Invoking the `msgfmt' Program
* msgunfmt Invocation Invoking the `msgunfmt' Program
* MO Files The Format of GNU MO Files
The Programmer's View
* catgets About `catgets'
* gettext About `gettext'
* Comparison Comparing the two interfaces
* Using libintl.a Using libintl.a in own programs
* gettext grok Being a `gettext' grok
* Temp Programmers Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter
About `catgets'
* Interface to catgets The interface
* Problems with catgets Problems with the `catgets' interface?!
About `gettext'
* Interface to gettext The interface
* Ambiguities Solving ambiguities
* Locating Catalogs Locating message catalog files
* Charset conversion How to request conversion to Unicode
* Contexts Solving ambiguities in GUI programs
* Plural forms Additional functions for handling plurals
* Optimized gettext Optimization of the *gettext functions
Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter
* Temp Implementations Temporary - Two Possible Implementations
* Temp catgets Temporary - About `catgets'
* Temp WSI Temporary - Why a single implementation
* Temp Notes Temporary - Notes
The Translator's View
* Trans Intro 0 Introduction 0
* Trans Intro 1 Introduction 1
* Discussions Discussions
* Organization Organization
* Information Flow Information Flow
* Prioritizing messages How to find which messages to translate first
Organization
* Central Coordination Central Coordination
* National Teams National Teams
* Mailing Lists Mailing Lists
National Teams
* Sub-Cultures Sub-Cultures
* Organizational Ideas Organizational Ideas
The Maintainer's View
* Flat and Non-Flat Flat or Non-Flat Directory Structures
* Prerequisites Prerequisite Works
* gettextize Invocation Invoking the `gettextize' Program
* Adjusting Files Files You Must Create or Alter
* autoconf macros Autoconf macros for use in `configure.in'
* CVS Issues Integrating with CVS
* Release Management Creating a Distribution Tarball
Files You Must Create or Alter
* po/POTFILES.in `POTFILES.in' in `po/'
* po/LINGUAS `LINGUAS' in `po/'
* po/Makevars `Makevars' in `po/'
* po/Rules-* Extending `Makefile' in `po/'
* configure.in `configure.in' at top level
* config.guess `config.guess', `config.sub' at top level
* mkinstalldirs `mkinstalldirs' at top level
* aclocal `aclocal.m4' at top level
* acconfig `acconfig.h' at top level
* config.h.in `config.h.in' at top level
* Makefile `Makefile.in' at top level
* src/Makefile `Makefile.in' in `src/'
* lib/gettext.h `gettext.h' in `lib/'
Autoconf macros for use in `configure.in'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT AM_GNU_GETTEXT in `gettext.m4'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION in `gettext.m4'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT_NEED AM_GNU_GETTEXT_NEED in `gettext.m4'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR in `intldir.m4'
* AM_PO_SUBDIRS AM_PO_SUBDIRS in `po.m4'
* AM_ICONV AM_ICONV in `iconv.m4'
Integrating with CVS
* Distributed CVS Avoiding version mismatch in distributed development
* Files under CVS Files to put under CVS version control
* autopoint Invocation Invoking the `autopoint' Program
Other Programming Languages
* Language Implementors The Language Implementor's View
* Programmers for other Languages The Programmer's View
* Translators for other Languages The Translator's View
* Maintainers for other Languages The Maintainer's View
* List of Programming Languages Individual Programming Languages
* List of Data Formats Internationalizable Data
The Translator's View
* c-format C Format Strings
* objc-format Objective C Format Strings
* sh-format Shell Format Strings
* python-format Python Format Strings
* lisp-format Lisp Format Strings
* elisp-format Emacs Lisp Format Strings
* librep-format librep Format Strings
* scheme-format Scheme Format Strings
* smalltalk-format Smalltalk Format Strings
* java-format Java Format Strings
* csharp-format C# Format Strings
* awk-format awk Format Strings
* object-pascal-format Object Pascal Format Strings
* ycp-format YCP Format Strings
* tcl-format Tcl Format Strings
* perl-format Perl Format Strings
* php-format PHP Format Strings
* gcc-internal-format GCC internal Format Strings
* qt-format Qt Format Strings
* boost-format Boost Format Strings
Individual Programming Languages
* C C, C++, Objective C
* sh sh - Shell Script
* bash bash - Bourne-Again Shell Script
* Python Python
* Common Lisp GNU clisp - Common Lisp
* clisp C GNU clisp C sources
* Emacs Lisp Emacs Lisp
* librep librep
* Scheme GNU guile - Scheme
* Smalltalk GNU Smalltalk
* Java Java
* C# C#
* gawk GNU awk
* Pascal Pascal - Free Pascal Compiler
* wxWidgets wxWidgets library
* YCP YCP - YaST2 scripting language
* Tcl Tcl - Tk's scripting language
* Perl Perl
* PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
* Pike Pike
* GCC-source GNU Compiler Collection sources
sh - Shell Script
* Preparing Shell Scripts Preparing Shell Scripts for Internationalization
* gettext.sh Contents of `gettext.sh'
* gettext Invocation Invoking the `gettext' program
* ngettext Invocation Invoking the `ngettext' program
* envsubst Invocation Invoking the `envsubst' program
* eval_gettext Invocation Invoking the `eval_gettext' function
* eval_ngettext Invocation Invoking the `eval_ngettext' function
Perl
* General Problems General Problems Parsing Perl Code
* Default Keywords Which Keywords Will xgettext Look For?
* Special Keywords How to Extract Hash Keys
* Quote-like Expressions What are Strings And Quote-like Expressions?
* Interpolation I Invalid String Interpolation
* Interpolation II Valid String Interpolation
* Parentheses When To Use Parentheses
* Long Lines How To Grok with Long Lines
* Perl Pitfalls Bugs, Pitfalls, and Things That Do Not Work
Internationalizable Data
* POT POT - Portable Object Template
* RST Resource String Table
* Glade Glade - GNOME user interface description
Concluding Remarks
* History History of GNU `gettext'
* References Related Readings
Language Codes
* Usual Language Codes Two-letter ISO 639 language codes
* Rare Language Codes Three-letter ISO 639 language codes
Licenses
* GNU GPL GNU General Public License
* GNU LGPL GNU Lesser General Public License
* GNU FDL GNU Free Documentation License
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