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Installing GNU CC on VMS
========================
The VMS version of GNU CC is distributed in a backup saveset
containing both source code and precompiled binaries.
To install the `gcc' command so you can use the compiler easily, in
the same manner as you use the VMS C compiler, you must install the VMS
CLD file for GNU CC as follows:
1. Define the VMS logical names `GNU_CC' and `GNU_CC_INCLUDE' to
point to the directories where the GNU CC executables
(`gcc-cpp.exe', `gcc-cc1.exe', etc.) and the C include files are
kept respectively. This should be done with the commands:
$ assign /system /translation=concealed -
disk:[gcc.] gnu_cc
$ assign /system /translation=concealed -
disk:[gcc.include.] gnu_cc_include
with the appropriate disk and directory names. These commands can
be placed in your system startup file so they will be executed
whenever the machine is rebooted. You may, if you choose, do this
via the `GCC_INSTALL.COM' script in the `[GCC]' directory.
2. Install the `GCC' command with the command line:
$ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
/output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables gnu_cc:[000000]gcc
$ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
3. To install the help file, do the following:
$ library/help sys$library:helplib.hlb gcc.hlp
Now you can invoke the compiler with a command like `gcc /verbose
file.c', which is equivalent to the command `gcc -v -c file.c' in
Unix.
If you wish to use GNU C++ you must first install GNU CC, and then
perform the following steps:
1. Define the VMS logical name `GNU_GXX_INCLUDE' to point to the
directory where the preprocessor will search for the C++ header
files. This can be done with the command:
$ assign /system /translation=concealed -
disk:[gcc.gxx_include.] gnu_gxx_include
with the appropriate disk and directory name. If you are going to
be using a C++ runtime library, this is where its install
procedure will install its header files.
2. Obtain the file `gcc-cc1plus.exe', and place this in the same
directory that `gcc-cc1.exe' is kept.
The GNU C++ compiler can be invoked with a command like `gcc /plus
/verbose file.cc', which is equivalent to the command `g++ -v -c
file.cc' in Unix.
We try to put corresponding binaries and sources on the VMS
distribution tape. But sometimes the binaries will be from an older
version than the sources, because we don't always have time to update
them. (Use the `/version' option to determine the version number of
the binaries and compare it with the source file `version.c' to tell
whether this is so.) In this case, you should use the binaries you get
to recompile the sources. If you must recompile, here is how:
1. Execute the command procedure `vmsconfig.com' to set up the files
`tm.h', `config.h', `aux-output.c', and `md.', and to create files
`tconfig.h' and `hconfig.h'. This procedure also creates several
linker option files used by `make-cc1.com' and a data file used by
`make-l2.com'.
$ @vmsconfig.com
2. Setup the logical names and command tables as defined above. In
addition, define the VMS logical name `GNU_BISON' to point at the
to the directories where the Bison executable is kept. This
should be done with the command:
$ assign /system /translation=concealed -
disk:[bison.] gnu_bison
You may, if you choose, use the `INSTALL_BISON.COM' script in the
`[BISON]' directory.
3. Install the `BISON' command with the command line:
$ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
/output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
gnu_bison:[000000]bison
$ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
4. Type `@make-gcc' to recompile everything (alternatively, submit
the file `make-gcc.com' to a batch queue). If you wish to build
the GNU C++ compiler as well as the GNU CC compiler, you must
first edit `make-gcc.com' and follow the instructions that appear
in the comments.
5. In order to use GCC, you need a library of functions which GCC
compiled code will call to perform certain tasks, and these
functions are defined in the file `libgcc2.c'. To compile this
you should use the command procedure `make-l2.com', which will
generate the library `libgcc2.olb'. `libgcc2.olb' should be built
using the compiler built from the same distribution that
`libgcc2.c' came from, and `make-gcc.com' will automatically do
all of this for you.
To install the library, use the following commands:
$ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=(new,eprintf)
$ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=L_*
$ library libgcc2/extract=*/output=libgcc2.obj
$ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib libgcc2.obj
The first command simply removes old modules that will be replaced
with modules from `libgcc2' under different module names. The
modules `new' and `eprintf' may not actually be present in your
`gcclib.olb'--if the VMS librarian complains about those modules
not being present, simply ignore the message and continue on with
the next command. The second command removes the modules that
came from the previous version of the library `libgcc2.c'.
Whenever you update the compiler on your system, you should also
update the library with the above procedure.
6. You may wish to build GCC in such a way that no files are written
to the directory where the source files reside. An example would
be the when the source files are on a read-only disk. In these
cases, execute the following DCL commands (substituting your
actual path names):
$ assign dua0:[gcc.build_dir.]/translation=concealed, -
dua1:[gcc.source_dir.]/translation=concealed gcc_build
$ set default gcc_build:[000000]
where the directory `dua1:[gcc.source_dir]' contains the source
code, and the directory `dua0:[gcc.build_dir]' is meant to contain
all of the generated object files and executables. Once you have
done this, you can proceed building GCC as described above. (Keep
in mind that `gcc_build' is a rooted logical name, and thus the
device names in each element of the search list must be an actual
physical device name rather than another rooted logical name).
7. *If you are building GNU CC with a previous version of GNU CC, you
also should check to see that you have the newest version of the
assembler*. In particular, GNU CC version 2 treats global constant
variables slightly differently from GNU CC version 1, and GAS
version 1.38.1 does not have the patches required to work with GCC
version 2. If you use GAS 1.38.1, then `extern const' variables
will not have the read-only bit set, and the linker will generate
warning messages about mismatched psect attributes for these
variables. These warning messages are merely a nuisance, and can
safely be ignored.
If you are compiling with a version of GNU CC older than 1.33,
specify `/DEFINE=("inline=")' as an option in all the
compilations. This requires editing all the `gcc' commands in
`make-cc1.com'. (The older versions had problems supporting
`inline'.) Once you have a working 1.33 or newer GNU CC, you can
change this file back.
8. If you want to build GNU CC with the VAX C compiler, you will need
to make minor changes in `make-cccp.com' and `make-cc1.com' to
choose alternate definitions of `CC', `CFLAGS', and `LIBS'. See
comments in those files. However, you must also have a working
version of the GNU assembler (GNU as, aka GAS) as it is used as
the back-end for GNU CC to produce binary object modules and is
not included in the GNU CC sources. GAS is also needed to compile
`libgcc2' in order to build `gcclib' (see above); `make-l2.com'
expects to be able to find it operational in
`gnu_cc:[000000]gnu-as.exe'.
To use GNU CC on VMS, you need the VMS driver programs `gcc.exe',
`gcc.com', and `gcc.cld'. They are distributed with the VMS
binaries (`gcc-vms') rather than the GNU CC sources. GAS is also
included in `gcc-vms', as is Bison.
Once you have successfully built GNU CC with VAX C, you should use
the resulting compiler to rebuild itself. Before doing this, be
sure to restore the `CC', `CFLAGS', and `LIBS' definitions in
`make-cccp.com' and `make-cc1.com'. The second generation
compiler will be able to take advantage of many optimizations that
must be suppressed when building with other compilers.
Under previous versions of GNU CC, the generated code would
occasionally give strange results when linked with the sharable
`VAXCRTL' library. Now this should work.
Even with this version, however, GNU CC itself should not be linked
with the sharable `VAXCRTL'. The version of `qsort' in `VAXCRTL' has a
bug (known to be present in VMS versions V4.6 through V5.5) which
causes the compiler to fail.
The executables are generated by `make-cc1.com' and `make-cccp.com'
use the object library version of `VAXCRTL' in order to make use of the
`qsort' routine in `gcclib.olb'. If you wish to link the compiler
executables with the shareable image version of `VAXCRTL', you should
edit the file `tm.h' (created by `vmsconfig.com') to define the macro
`QSORT_WORKAROUND'.
`QSORT_WORKAROUND' is always defined when GNU CC is compiled with
VAX C, to avoid a problem in case `gcclib.olb' is not yet available.
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